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[Great Western Vehicle] [Right Livelihood] [Waste to Fuel] [Filter & Pump Manifold design 1] [Filter & Pump Manifold design II] [Filter & Pump Manifold design III] [Filter & Pump Manifold design IV] [SVO Links]

Pneumatic pumping

 

Pneumatics is the use of pressurized gas to affect mechanical motion.  In the case of pneumatic pumping pressurized gas is used to push fluids from one container to another.

The advantage of pneumatic pumping is simplicity and flexibility of design and control. A pneumatic pumping system is easily designed using standard cylinders and other components. Control is as easy as using an air pressure regulator.

Pneumatic pumping systems tend to have long operating lives and require very little maintenance.  And, the design is as flexible as dialing in any desired pressure within the range of the pressure regulator, the compressor being used, and the waste oil storage tank.  This means that one can use the same pneumatic pumping system to push waste oil through a filter medium at its operating specifications, which are typically 15 PSI (1bar), while being able to increase the pressure to 100 PSI (6bar) to push the waste oil through a centrifuge for further cleaning, or push the oil from one tank to another, such as into the fuel tank of one's automobile.

It is very difficult to control pressure of a fluid that is being pumped without using a pressure controller, or a liquid pressure regulator in the stream. Pumps typically do not have pressure controls built into them.  They generally pump at their maximum capacity, which varies from pump to pump.  Inexpensive diaphragm, centrifugal pumps and transfer pumps typically pump at 30PSI (2bar) maximum output pressure.  Just placing a valve in the line to restrict the flow can reduce the pressure of the stream, but it does not actually control the pressure, so if one is pumping through filter medium, then the pressure can exceed the filter specifications when the filter medium becomes blocked with particles.  Most pleated cellulose filters are limited to 15 PSI (1bar).

Pressure controllers and liquid pressure regulators are typically not cheap, nor easy to find.  However, air pressure regulators are so common that one can often trash pick one, or find one at a junkyard, because every air compressor comes with an air pressure regulator, and the regulators are generally good when the compressor pump or motor dies, which are the expensive components, so often the compressor is discarded when one of these components fails.

The easiest way to pump at exactly the pressure one wishes is to pump one's oil into a pressure tank, then pressurize the tank with compressed air using an air regulator set to the desired pressure, then open the valve and the pressure regulator will maintain the pressure, as long as the compressor has sufficient throughput (measured in CFM) to meet the demand.

Caution, steel drums and fuel tanks are not designed for pressure; whereas a water heater tank, such as used in the USA, will work very well, because these tanks are designed for line pressure in the USA, which can be as high as 100PSI (6bar).  See the pressure tank below, which was made from a discarded water heater tank.

 

You may note that the tank at the top of this page has a standard quick-release air fitting on top to connect to an air compressor. It also has a valve to close off the air, and a pressure gauge to monitor the pressure in the tank.

Water heaters are readily available at most commercial plumbing shops in the USA. Such shops typically have piles of them, and most such places will let you take as many as you want if you ask.

Most often these rejected water heaters are new with manufacturing flaws. The main problem is typically bad welds or stress fractures from manufacturing. So, if one has welding skills, then it is easy to repair one and use it as a pneumatic pump, or a bio-diesel reaction chamber. I use one as a pneumatic pump to force my WVO through my filter manifold.

The pressure tank from a dead compressor is even better, because their walls are thicker and they are designed for 200PSI (12bar) service.

How a pneumatic pump works is to apply air pressure above waste oil in a pressure tank.  One can get the oil into the tank with a transfer pump.  Perhaps allow the oil to settle for a period of time, then drain off the debris that has settled to the bottom, then divert the fluid to one's filter manifold, then apply air pressure at the desired pressure.  This means air is pressing on the top of the oil and forcing it through pluming and filters to a desired point, such as one's fuel tank.  Fluid flow will not take place as long as there is no outlet, and fuel tanks typically are not designed to hold pressure, so one will not want to trap the fluid as it is flowing toward the fuel tank. When the oil runs out, then air will escape the system, which should not pose a problem, other than keeping one's compressor running, so one must monitor the process and be prepared to shut off the air to the pressure tank.

[Great Western Vehicle] [Right Livelihood] [Waste to Fuel] [Filter & Pump Manifold design 1] [Filter & Pump Manifold design II] [Filter & Pump Manifold design III] [Filter & Pump Manifold design IV] [SVO Links]